Obesity and Its Complications
What is Obesity?
Obesity is a medical condition in which excess body fat accumulates to a level that may negatively affect health. It is commonly assessed using Body Mass Index (BMI).
BMI 25–29.9 → Overweight
BMI ≥30 → Obesity
Obesity results from a combination of excess calorie intake, low physical activity, genetics, hormonal factors, and lifestyle habits.
Complications of Obesity
Obesity can affect almost every system of the body.
1. Cardiovascular Complications ❤️
Hypertension (high blood pressure)
Coronary Artery Disease
Heart Failure
Stroke
Increased cholesterol and triglycerides
These conditions increase the risk of heart attack and premature death.
2. Metabolic Complications
Type 2 Diabetes
Metabolic Syndrome
Dyslipidemia (abnormal lipid levels)
Excess fat, especially abdominal fat, causes insulin resistance.
3. Respiratory Complications 🫁
Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Obesity Hypoventilation Syndrome
Shortness of breath during physical activity
Fat deposits around the neck and chest can affect breathing.
4. Musculoskeletal Complications
Osteoarthritis (especially knee and hip)
